Formula fields

A formula field computes a value from other fields in the same row, using a spreadsheet-style expression. It’s read-only and recomputes automatically whenever a field it references changes.

{Price} * {Qty}
IF({Status} = "Done", "✅", "…")
CONCATENATE(UPPER({First}), " ", UPPER({Last}))

Referencing fields

Wrap a field’s name in curly braces: {Field Name}. Names with spaces are fine — {Unit Price}. In the field editor you can click a field chip to insert it.

Blank cells coerce sensibly: in a numeric context a blank counts as 0; in a text context it’s an empty string.

Result type

CloudTable infers the formula’s result type — number, text, checkbox (boolean), or date — from the expression. That type drives how the value is formatted and which filter/sort operators apply. For example, {Price} * {Qty} is a number, {A} > {B} is a checkbox, and TODAY() is a date.

Operators

Operator	Meaning	Example
`+` `-` `*` `/` `%`	Arithmetic (`+` also concatenates if either side is text)	`{Qty} * {Price}`
`&`	String concatenation	`{First} & " " & {Last}`
`=` or `==`	Equal to	`{Status} = "Done"`
`!=` or `<>`	Not equal to	`{Status} <> "Done"`
`<` `>` `<=` `>=`	Comparison	`{Score} >= 80`
`&&`	Logical AND	`{Active} && {Paid}`
`\|\|`	Logical OR	`{Vip} \|\| {Score} > 90`
`!`	Logical NOT	`!{Archived}`
`? :`	Ternary (inline if)	`{Score} > 50 ? "Pass" : "Fail"`

Functions

Logic

Function	Description
`IF(condition, ifTrue, ifFalse)`	Branch on a condition (the unused branch isn’t evaluated).
`AND(a, b, …)`	True if all arguments are truthy.
`OR(a, b, …)`	True if any argument is truthy.
`NOT(a)`	Logical negation.
`XOR(a, b, …)`	True if an odd number of arguments are truthy.
`SWITCH(subject, case1, val1, …, [default])`	Match `subject` against cases; return the matching value, else the optional default.
`TRUE()` / `FALSE()`	The boolean constants.
`BLANK()`	An empty value.
`ISBLANK(a)`	True if `a` is empty (null / undefined / `""`).

Math

Function	Description
`SUM(a, b, …)`	Sum of the arguments.
`AVERAGE(a, b, …)`	Mean of the arguments.
`MIN(a, b, …)` / `MAX(a, b, …)`	Smallest / largest.
`ABS(a)`	Absolute value.
`ROUND(a, places)`	Round to `places` decimals (default 0).
`ROUNDUP(a, places)` / `ROUNDDOWN(a, places)`	Round away from / toward zero.
`CEILING(a)` / `FLOOR(a)`	Round up / down to an integer.
`MOD(a, b)`	Remainder of `a / b`.
`POWER(a, b)`	`a` raised to the power `b`.
`SQRT(a)`	Square root.

Text

Function	Description
`CONCATENATE(a, b, …)`	Join arguments into one string.
`LOWER(a)` / `UPPER(a)`	Change case.
`TRIM(a)`	Remove leading/trailing whitespace.
`LEN(a)`	Length of the string.
`LEFT(a, n)` / `RIGHT(a, n)`	First / last `n` characters.
`MID(a, start, count)`	`count` characters starting at position `start` (1-based).
`REPLACE(a, find, replacement)`	Replace every occurrence of `find`.
`SUBSTITUTE(a, find, replacement)`	Same as `REPLACE`.
`REPT(a, n)`	Repeat the string `n` times.
`FIND(find, within)`	1-based position of `find` in `within`, or `0` if not found.

Date

Function	Description
`TODAY()`	Today’s date (`YYYY-MM-DD`).
`NOW()`	The current date-time (ISO).
`YEAR(d)` / `MONTH(d)` / `DAY(d)`	Parts of a date (month is 1–12).
`HOUR(d)` / `MINUTE(d)`	Parts of a time.
`DATEADD(d, n, unit)`	Add `n` of `unit` to `d`. Units: `minute`, `hour`, `day`, `week`, `month`, `year` (singular or plural).
`DATETIME_DIFF(a, b, unit)`	Whole `unit`s between `a` and `b`. Units: `second`, `minute`, `hour`, `day` (default), `week`.

Examples

# Line total
{Qty} * {Price}

# Full name, upper-cased
CONCATENATE(UPPER({First}), " ", UPPER({Last}))

# Safe division (guard divide-by-zero)
IF({Price} = 0, 0, {Revenue} / {Price})

# Days until a due date
DATETIME_DIFF({Due}, TODAY(), "days")

# Grade bucket
SWITCH(TRUE(), {Score} >= 90, "A", {Score} >= 80, "B", "C")

Behavior & limits

Read-only. You can’t type into a formula cell, and the API rejects writes to it.
Materialized. The result is stored on the record, so filtering, sorting, grouping, API reads, and public shares all see it.
Same-row only. Formulas reference other fields in the same record. Aggregating across linked records (rollups) isn’t supported here.
No circular references. A formula can reference another formula (they recompute in dependency order), but a cycle is rejected when you save.
Errors → blank. If a formula can’t evaluate for a row, that cell is left blank rather than showing an error.
Safe by design. Formulas are evaluated with a restricted expression evaluator — there’s no eval, no property/.-access, and no way to reach the host environment. For arbitrary logic, use a Code field.